What is the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research?

Quantitative research employs numerical data to quantify phenomena through statistical analysis, focusing on objective measurement. Qualitative research examines non-numerical data to explore meanings, experiences, and contexts, emphasizing subjective interpretation. They fundamentally differ in data type, purpose, and analytical approach. Quantitative methods rely on structured instruments for large sample sizes, aiming for generalization and hypothesis testing through deductive reasoning. Qualitative approaches utilize flexible techniques like interviews with smaller samples, seeking depth and understanding through inductive processes. Quantitative studies prioritize objectivity and replicability, while qualitative studies embrace contextuality and researcher reflexivity. Each approach demands distinct design philosophies: experimental or survey designs versus ethnographic or case study designs respectively. Quantitative findings provide statistical insights into trends, relationships, or causality, valuable for informing policy or large-scale interventions. Qualitative findings yield rich, contextual knowledge for theory development, exploring complex social processes, or understanding stakeholder perspectives. Combining both methods (mixed methods) often yields robust, comprehensive understandings. Researchers select the approach based on the research question's nature and objectives.