How to quote a web page without a year?

When citing a web page without a visible publication year, standard citation styles provide specific solutions to denote this absence reliably. It is entirely feasible and common practice in academic referencing. Key principles require identifying appropriate style guide rules. For APA Style, explicitly use the abbreviation "n.d." (for "no date") within the author-date in-text citation and reference list entry. MLA Style mandates including the date the source was accessed online, placed at the end of the Works Cited entry. Always ensure retrieval information like the URL or DOI is present. Crucially, meticulously verify the page genuinely lacks a publication date. Applying the correct notation ensures proper source attribution and maintains academic integrity. Using "n.d." or the access date clarifies the temporal context to readers, preventing misinterpretation. This practice facilitates tracking sources despite incomplete meta-information, supporting scholarly verification.