How to accurately quote the volume number and issue number of a journal article?

Journal volume and issue numbers are essential bibliographic elements required to accurately identify and reference a specific publication's place within its serial sequence. Providing these details ensures precise location and retrieval of the cited article. Journal volume numbers represent sequential groupings of issues published typically within a single calendar or academic year. Issue numbers indicate specific releases within a given volume, often denoted numerically or seasonally (e.g., "Spring"). Accurate citation necessitates consulting the journal article itself or its original source, never secondary locations like databases, as variations occur. Identify the volume number first, followed by the issue number enclosed in parentheses, using the exact numbering style presented in the source publication. Pay close attention to journal-specific conventions, such as using seasons or months instead of numbers. The primary application is accurate referencing in bibliographies and reference lists following a specific citation style (e.g., APA: `Volume(Issue)`, MLA: `vol. Volume, no. Issue`). Including volume and issue enables precise scholarly attribution, correct source verification by readers and librarians, efficient interlibrary loan requests, and compliance with academic integrity standards by uniquely identifying the cited work. Provide the ISSN for the journal itself alongside volume and issue.