When citing a specific version of an academic publication, how should it be indicated?

When citing a specific version of an academic publication, explicitly denote the version identifier within the reference entry. This is essential for accurate source identification and retrieval. Specify the exact edition number (e.g., "2nd ed.") for printed books. For online publications with distinct versions (e.g., major manuscript updates), include the version number provided by the publisher. If citing an advance online publication, preprint, or working paper, clearly state its nature (e.g., "Preprint version", "Ahead of Print"). Include Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) as these are generally version-specific. Always prioritize the publisher's designated versioning system where available. Consistency and clarity in reporting the accessed version are paramount. Accurate version indication allows readers to locate the cited source definitively, verifying evidence and avoiding confusion. This practice directly supports scholarly integrity, reproducibility of research findings, and enables critical evaluation of the source material's developmental stage or updates. Consequently, it enhances the credibility and traceability of the research discourse.